Some Quality Attributes of Composite Flour and Bread Produced from Wheat and African Walnut

This study explored the potential of African walnut in the formulation of composite flour which can be used for bread production and in various food applications. African walnut flour was produced and used to substitute wheat flour at different levels (5 - 25%) in the production of wheat-African walnut composite flour. Functional and pasting properties of the composite flour were evaluated using standard procedures. Proximate composition, antioxidant activity, some loaf quality attributes and sensory acceptability of bread produced from the composite flour were evaluated using standard procedures. Wheat bread served as control. The composite flour showed varying functional properties which ranged from 2.43 to 3.46 (swelling capacity), 1.15 to 1.85 mL/g (water absorption capacity), 2.15 to 2.75 mL/g (oil absorption capacity), 10.80 to16.60% (foam capacity), 63.0 to 75.0% (dispersibility), 38.92 to 69.92 seconds (wetability), 0.75 to 0.79 g/mL (packed bulk density) and 0.43 to 0.47 g/mL (loose bulk density). Inclusion of African walnut reduced peak viscosity (53.92 – 148.83 RVU), trough viscosity (52.25 – 88.58 RVU), breakdown viscosity (1.67 – 60.25 RVU), final viscosity (74.08 – 191.25 RVU) and setback viscosity (21.83 – 102.67 RVU) of the composite flour. Composite bread had better protein (9.75 – 16.93%), fat (3.42 – 9.94%), ash (1.46 – 2.75%), crude fibre (0.86 – 3.64%) but reduced specific loaf volume (2.36 – 4.18 cm3/g) and loaf height (3.00 – 5.40cm) than the control, and exhibited appreciable antioxidant activity (DPPH: 31.60 – 73.09% and FRAP: 0.51 - 4.25 mg/g). In term of sensory acceptability composite bread samples produced with 5 and 10 % levels of African walnut compared favourably with bread produced from wheat flour. Thus composite flour produced from wheat and African walnut flours showed an array of physicochemical properties which could make it useful in different food applications. Acceptable bread could be produced from wheat flour substituted with African walnut flour at 10% level.

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Health Care Workers in India

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 has been spread almost all over the world in the last two years, including in India. Vaccines are a critical tool in the battle against COVID-19, and India has flagged the largest vaccination drive on 16 January 2021. Although public acceptance was varying, which can lead to non-acceptance. Aim & Objective: To estimate an acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors. Settings and Design: An analytical cross-sectional study among health care workers in India Methods & Material: It was conducted using a validated, self-administrated online survey questionnaire, and data were analyzed using SPSS 23 version. The outcome variable was healthcare workers’ acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. Results: A total of 450 HCWs participated, including 205(45.6%) women and 245(54.4%) men. A total of 270 (60%) subjects will accept vaccines, while 33.3% were unwilling to accept and wait for vaccines. Male gender (OR=3.14), being married and experienced (OR=11.49), vaccine effectiveness (OR=6.4), vaccine safety (OR=3.4), and past history (OR=2.28) were significantly associated. On applying logistic regression for associated factors, gender (B= -1.145, S.E.= 0.200, Wald 32.748), being married (B= -1.482, S.E.= 0.216, Wald 46.937), for experienced (B= -0.865, S.E.= 0.200, effectiveness (B= -1.856, S.E.= 0.245, wald 57.431), Safety (B= -1.224, S.E.= 0.202, Wald 36.633) and past history (B= -0.357, S.E.= 0.248, Wald 2.071) found significant. Recommendation: Proper information is crucial and healthcare workers’ attitudes about vaccines are an important factor for acceptance and recommendation of the vaccine to the public for population-wide coverage.

Development of a Mobile Health Application Based on a Mixed Prenatal Care in the Context of COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract Objective We describe the development and structure of a novel mobile application in a mixed model of prenatal care, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we assess the acceptability of this mobile app in a cohort of patients. Methods First, we introduced a mixed model of prenatal care; second, we developed a comprehensive, computer-based clinical record to support our system. Lastly, we built a novel mobile app as a tool for prenatal care. We used Flutter Software version 2.2 to build the app for Android and iOS smartphones. A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the acceptability of the app. Results A mobile app was also built with the main attribute of being connected in real-time with the computer-based clinical records. The app screens detail information about activities programmed and developed in the prenatal care according to gestational age. A downloadable maternity book is available and some screens show warning signs and symptoms of pregnancy. The acceptability assessment was mostly rated positively regarding the characteristics of the mobile app, by 50 patients. Conclusion This novel mobile app was developed as a tool among pregnant patients to increase the information available about their pregnancies in the provision of a mixed model of prenatal care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It was fully customized to the needs of our users following the local protocols. The introduction of this novel mobile app was highly accepted by the patients.

A survey of public perception, knowledge and factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptability in five communities in Ghana

Objective: The present study assessed the public's perception and Knowledge about COVID-19 and factors that could affect vaccine acceptability in Ghana. Design: We carried out a cross-sectional population-based study. A structured questionnaire was used to capture data on socio-demographic information, knowledge, and the public's perception of COVID-19 infection, as well as COVID-19 vaccine acceptability from consented participants. Factors affecting vaccine acceptability in Ghana were explored. Robust ordinary least square linear regression analysis was adopted to assess factors associated with vaccine acceptability. Setting: Five communities (Labone, Lartebiorkoshie, Old Fadama, Chorkor, and Ashiyie) in Accra in the Greater Accra district were selected. Participants: WHO modified cluster-sampling method was applied to select households of 997 participants in the five communities. Results: Most respondents were males (57.6%), and the median age of participants was 30 years. The study participants demonstrated a good knowledge of COVID-19 and had high perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that the highest educational level, marital status, self-rated Knowledge of COVID-19, Knowledge of COVID-19 definition, Knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, and perception of the COVID-19 pandemic were significantly associated with vaccine acceptability. Self-reported impact of COVID-19 lockdown/movement restrictions on agriculture and job as a source of livelihood was associated with vaccine acceptability. Conclusion: Higher subjective and objective knowledge of COVID-19 increases vaccine acceptability scores significantly thus, education on COVID-19 and the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection must be intensified to improve vaccine acceptability in Ghana, especially among those with lower educational backgrounds

Knowledge, acceptability and utilization of epidural analgesia in antenatal clinic attendees at UNIOSUN Teaching Hospital (UTH), Osogbo, Osun State

Labour pain is perceived as the most harrowing and agonizing event of a woman's life. Efforts at reducing the pain and making the event less stressful have predated modern obstetric practice. Epidural analgesia has provided effective pain relief in labour for over three decades. Delivery with epidural analgesia is routine for willing parturients in the developing world, however ignorance, cost as well as lack of qualified personnel has made this to be out of reach of the average Nigerian mother. The aim of this study was to assess level of awareness, acceptability, previous utilization and willingness to utilize epidural analgesia in labour following health education.Subjects/Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the antenatal clinic of UTH, Osogbo. Health education on events of labour and methods of analgesia available was provided to all antenatal clinic attendees between September 2021and March 2022, following which a semi­structured purpose designed, and self- administered questionnaire was administered to 415 of these women who consented to participate in this study. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 32.57± 4.42 years and mean parity of 1.73± 0.96. 70.8% reported that labour pain was severe. 41.7% were aware of epidural analgesia before the health talk. 3.6% of our subjects had utilized epidural in their last confinement. However, only 47.7% expressed a wish to utilize epidural analgesia in labour. Conclusion: Awareness of epidural analgesia in study population was passable at 40% however willingness to utilize it was less than average despite health talk and reassurance by their attending obstetric team.

Malaria and Its Prevention: Socio-acceptability in the Application of Insecticides-treated Bed Nets Among Household Heads in the Rural Village Community of Mazabuka, Zambia

@#Introduction: Malaria poses immerse public health challenges in the world as it is still causing significant morbidity and mortality especially in endemic regions such as Zambia. One of the effective tools in preventing malaria is the application of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs). This study aims to explored the socio-acceptability of malaria and ITNs among rural village community of Mazabuka, Zambia. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 177 respondents via two different approached methods; focus group discussions and one-to-one interviews to assess the level of KAP of the respondents about malaria and ITNs. Results: Most of the respondents (98.7%) possessed ITNs that were provided free of charge by the Ministry of Health Zambia. Overall, the knowledge and attitude of respondents on malaria and ITNs were at moderate levels of 68.1% and 71.8%, respectively. In contrast, the level of practice was poor with only 36.2% of positive response. Although 92.1% of the respondents answered correctly on the association between malaria and mosquito bites, myths and misconceptions were still common as some of them still attributed malaria to drinking dirty waters (32.8%), bad weather (15.8%), witchcraft (3.4%), and bathing dirty water (19.8%). The practice was significantly associated with knowledge (p=0.003), but not attitude (p=0.230). Logistic regression analysis revealed that respondents with high knowledge level and tertiary education were more likely to use ITNs correctly (OR=2.957; OR=21.739, respectively). Conclusion: The present study showed that the knowledge gaps were remained among the villagers as misconceptions and their believe of myths were still exist.

Greek vs traditional yogurts: Sensory and physicochemical comparison

ABSTRACT Greek yogurt (GY) has gained popularity in recent years for its marked texture, taste, and nutritional characteristics compared to traditional yogurt (TY). The objective of this work was to analyze the physicochemical, sensory, and lipid profile of GY and TY with blueberry flavor, both manufactured by a local industry in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Protein and lipid content, as well as humidity, ash, and fatty acid profile were quantified and a sensory evaluation was completed using the affective method. The physicochemical results showed 1.5% and 2.3% more proteins and lipids, respectively, for GY compared to TY. The humidity in TY was 10% lower than in GY. Eighteen types of polyunsaturated, saturated, monounsaturated fatty acids were identified, with a high proportion of C14, C16, and C18. Sensory analysis showed a preference for GY over TY (64% versus 36%, p0.05). Both the protein and lipid content, associated with creaminess, likely influence better acceptance of GY.

RESUMEN El yogur griego (YG) ha ganado popularidad durante los últimos años por su marcada textura, sabor y características nutricionales en comparación con el yogur tradicional (YT). El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el perfil fisicoquímico, sensorial y lipídico de YG y YT con sabor a arándano, ambos fabricados por una industria ubicada en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Fueron cuantificados el contenido de proteínas, lípidos, humedad y cenizas, así como también el perfil de ácidos grasos y la evaluación sensorial por método afectivo. Los resultados fisicoquímicos mostraron que YG contiene 1,5% y 2,3% más de proteínas y lípidos, respectivamente, en comparación con YT (p0,05) en relación a la aceptación de los atributos color, olor, sabor y acidez. Los atributos cuerpo, apariencia y textura presentaron mejores scores de aceptación para el YG. Tanto el contenido de proteínas y lípidos, asociados a la cremosidad, probablemente hayan influenciado una mejor aceptación del YG.

Telemedicine readiness and acceptability among resident physicians of a tertiary government hospital: A cross-sectional analytic study

Background@#Multiple international studies found that Telemedicine is acceptable to physicians and healthcare teams. However, there are no available studies to determine if the residents of a tertiary hospital are ready and welcoming to this new approach.@*Objective@#To assess telemedicine readiness and acceptability among resident physicians of East Avenue Medical Center.@*Methods@#This cross-sectional study recruited 139 East Avenue Medical Center (EAMC) resident physicians using a web-based questionnaire. The majority of respondents were female (63.31%), with a mean age of 29.99 ± 2.45 years and a mean duration of training of 23 (11 to 34). Data were analyzed to determine readiness based on technological resource availability, hardware and software skills, and acceptability using a modified and validated questionnaire.@*Results@#The majority have Smartphones 125 (89.93%) and Personal Computers 122 (87.77%) and have access to mobile data 128 (92.09%) and Wi-Fi 119 (85.61%). Mean perceived device and software skills were 3.28 ± 0.58 and 3.38 ± 0.56, respectively. The overall acceptability was 2.88 ± 0.58. Males have higher perceived device skills, however, both sexes have similar perceived software skills (p-value > 0.05) No correlation was seen between telemedicine acceptance with age and length of training.@*Conclusion@#This study demonstrated that EAMC resident physicians are equipped and ready for Telemedicine. Additionally, it demonstrated hesitancy but leaned towards telemedicine acceptance. Males have better perceived device skills, but readiness and acceptability are similar for both sexes in other domains. There is no correlation between age and length of training with readiness and acceptability.

Acceptability of telemedicine among patients undergoing prenatal and postnatal care in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic / Philippine Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Background@#While COVID‑19 spreads rapidly around the world, innovative means to provide continuing prenatal care are being developed to monitor maternal and fetal health while minimizing disease transmission. Telemedicine is one platform by which patients are provided the necessary prenatal and postpartum care safely as the pandemic rages@*Aims and Objectives@#To evaluate the acceptability of telemedicine in the delivery of prenatal and postnatal care in the setting of the COVID‑19 pandemic@*Materials and Methods@#A cross‑sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Manila. A structured Likert scale‑based survey consisting of a model measuring telemedicine perception was utilized. This was a predeveloped model by Lin in 2017.[1] Descriptive statistical analysis and Chi‑square tests were done to evaluate the data@*Results@#A total of 193 pregnant and postpartum patients participated in the study. Majority of the respondents were between 25 and 34 years old, living within Metro Manila, and normal obstetric patients who were previously seen at the outpatient department. Most of the participants considered telemedicine to be cost‑effective, reliable, easy to use, and useful@*Conclusion@#We conclude that telemedicine is an acceptable means of providing prenatal and postnatal care among pregnant patients because it allowed the necessary interaction between patient and doctor and these “users” kept on using the system. There was no association between telemedicine perceptions and patient age, place of residence, type of patient encounter, disease, and treatment. In the setting of the COVID‑19 pandemic, telemedicine is an acceptable means of providing prenatal and postnatal care regardless of patient characteristics

Contraceptive acceptability and associated factors among young women (15-24) living with HIV/AIDS: a hospital-based study in Kampala, Uganda

introduction: In Uganda, over 43% of all pregnancies among young women (15-24 years) living with HIV are either unwanted or mistimed. Unintended pregnancies account for 21.3% of neonatal HIV infections. The objective was to determine acceptability of contraceptives and associated factors among young women living with HIV attending HIV clinics in Kampala. Methods: Between February and May 2019, 450 young women attending public HIV clinics (Kisenyi HC IV, Kiswa HC III and Komamboga HC III) in Kampala were systematically enrolled in a cross-sectional study and interviewed using structured questionnaires. We used modified Poisson regression to determine the factors associated with acceptability of contraceptive. Data were analyzed using STATA 13.0. Statistical significance was determined at a P values < 0.05. Results: Contraceptive acceptability was 40.7% (95% CI: 27.6%-53.6%). Older age group (20-24 years) (aPR; 2.42, 95%CI; 1.06-5.52, P = 0.035), age at sex debut ≥ 18 years (aPR;1.25,95%CI; 1.13-1.38, P<0.001), having friend on contraceptives (aPR; 1.90, 95%CI; 1.10 - 3.26; P =0.021) and being married (aPR; 1.20, 95%CI; 1.09 - 1.32, P<0.001) were significantly associated with acceptability of contraceptives. Conclusion: There is a low acceptability for contraceptives. Younger age group who are not yet married need to be targeted

Masaje de Field para la ganancia de peso en prematuros extremos. Estudio de viabilidad y aceptabilidad / Field massage for weight gain in extremely premature babies. Feasibility and acceptability study

Introducción: Una de las principales problemáticas del prematuro extremo es la limitación en su ganancia de peso debido a factores propios de su inmadurez (2,4); el desconocimiento acerca del tipo, el tiempo y la cantidad de estimulación que debe recibir, rescata la necesidad de indagar en nuevas intervenciones desde el cuidado de enfermería (4,11). Objetivo: Determinar la viabilidad y aceptabilidad de la terapia de masaje de Field, en prematuros extremos en una Unidad Neonatal de una institución de IV nivel, y los efectos en relación con la ganancia de peso. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, cuasi experimental, realizado en 15 prematuros extremos, que comparó el peso pre y post intervención, y un análisis para la estimación del efecto; se determinó la viabilidad del estudio mediante tasas de selección, reclutamiento y seguimiento y la aceptabilidad de la intervención en términos de satisfacción de los padres. El proceso de selección y reclutamiento se efectuó por más de 4 meses; la terapia se realizó 3 veces al día, durante 15 minutos, por 5 días consecutivos; posteriormente, se aplicó un cuestionario de aceptabilidad a las madres de los neonatos masajeados. Resultados: Se presentó una ganancia de peso significativa, lo cual podría ser atribuido al masaje, sin embargo, debe ser evaluado en futuras investigaciones frente a un grupo control. El estudio se hace menos viable en cuanto a la tasa de selección, si la muestra es captada durante poco tiempo, reduciendo la posibilidad de aplicar la intervención en una muestra significativa; en cuanto a reclutamiento y seguimiento, es totalmente viable. Es una terapia muy aceptada por las madres en términos de idoneidad, conveniencia y efectividad; sin embargo, se debe fortalecer desde sus riesgos y adherencia.

Introduction: One of the main problems of the extreme premature infants is the limitation in their weight gain due to factors inherent to their immaturity (2,4), the lack of knowledge about the type, the time, and the amount of stimulation they should receive, it also highlights the need to investigate new interventions in nursing care (4,11). Objective: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of Field's massage therapy in extreme premature infants in a Neonatal Unit of a level IV institution, and the effects in relation to weight gain. Methodology: Quantitative, quasi-experimental study, carried out in 15 extreme preterm infants, where pre and post intervention weight was compared, a analysis for effect estimation; the feasibility of the study was determined by selection, recruitment and followup rates and the acceptability of the intervention in terms of parental satisfaction. The selection and recruitment process were carried out for more than 4 months; the therapy was performed 3 times a day, for 15 minutes per session, for 5 consecutive days; subsequently, an acceptability survey was applied to the mothers of the massaged neonates who completed the intervention days. Results: here was a significant weight gain, which could be attributed to the massage, however, it should be evaluated in future research against a control group. The study becomes less viable in terms of the selection rate, if the sample is captured for a short time, reducing the possibility of applying the intervention in a significant sample; in terms of recruitment and follow-up, it is totally feasible. It is a therapy that is highly accepted by mothers in terms of suitability, convenience and effectiveness; however, it must be strengthened from its risks and adherence.

Efetividade de intervenção multicomponente na adesão e aceitabilidade à alimentação escolar: ensaio randomizado de base escolar de múltiplos braços em Sumidouro - RJ / Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention on adherence and acceptability to school meals: a multi-arm, school-based randomized trial in Sumidouro - RJ

O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar possui papel fundamental na promoção da alimentação saudável de milhões de escolares em todo o Brasil. Entretanto, pesquisas nacionais apontam baixa adesão e aceitabilidade à alimentação escolar na rede pública de ensino. Intervenções baseadas em arquitetura de escolhas e padronização de técnicas gastronômicas têm sido implementadas com o intuito de melhorar este cenário e estimular o desenvolvimento de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a efetividade de intervenção multicomponente na adesão e aceitabilidade à alimentação escolar. Um ensaio randomizado foi conduzido com alunos do 4o ao 9o ano de 3 escolas públicas da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Sumidouro, Rio de Janeiro, em 2019. As escolas participantes foram alocadas aleatoriamente em três grupos: uma escola no grupo controle (sem intervenção), uma escola no grupo intervenção 1 (modificações ambientais e inclusão de sistema de autosserviço) e uma escola no grupo intervenção 2 (modificações ambientais, inclusão de sistema de autosserviço e adição de novas preparações no cardápio). A escola do grupo intervenção 1 recebeu intervenções ambientais baseadas nos princípios da arquitetura de escolhas, que consistiram em: elaboração de cartazes e displays com mensagens e imagens motivacionais para promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e incentivo ao consumo da alimentação escolar; implementação de toalhas com imagens coloridas de alimentos in natura nas mesas do refeitório; alocação das frutas servidas na alimentação escolar em posição de destaque, em uma barraca de frutas; posicionamento de um banner com o cardápio das preparações diárias na entrada do refeitório; e aplicação de pegadas no chão que, de forma lúdica, direcionavam os escolares ao refeitório. Além disso, foi implementado o sistema de autosserviço, com a incorporação de um balcão térmico de distribuição de alimentos no refeitório. A escola do grupo intervenção 2 recebeu as mesmas intervenções da escola do grupo intervenção 1, com a adição da padronização de técnicas gastronômicas para alterações nas preparações culinárias que fizeram parte dos cardápios no ano letivo de 2019, além da elaboração de novas preparações a partir da identificação das percepções acerca dos motivos da não adesão à alimentação escolar relatadas em grupos focais realizados com merendeiras e escolares. A adesão à alimentação escolar (≥3 vezes na semana) foi avaliada por meio de questão inserida em questionário aplicado em três momentos (linha de base, 1o seguimento [após 5 meses de intervenção] e 2o seguimento [após 8 meses de intervenção]). Foram realizadas análises longitudinais por meio da aplicação de modelos lineares generalizados que levam em conta as medidas repetidas e os dados ausentes de desfecho dos participantes. Também foram realizadas análises do tipo piecewise, permitindo a identificação dos parâmetros no intervalo 1 (linha de base-1o seguimento) e no intervalo 2 (1o seguimento-2o seguimento). Foi observado aumento da adesão à alimentação escolar na escola intervenção 1 vs. escola controle (RR=1,20; p-valor=0,0166) e maior aumento na escola intervenção 2 vs. escola controle (RR=1,27; p-valor=0,0041). Foi possível observar também aumento da adesão na escola intervenção 1 vs. escola controle no intervalo 1 e intervalo 2 (RR=1,18; p-valor=0,0146 e RR=1,14; p-valor=0,0424, respectivamente), e maior aumento da adesão na escola intervenção 2 vs. escola controle no intervalo 1 (RR=1,22; p-valor=0,0095) e no intervalo 2 (RR=1,20; p-valor=0,0070). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na variação da adesão entre as escolas intervenção 2 e 1. A aceitabilidade à alimentação escolar foi avaliada por meio da aplicação de teste de aceitabilidade referente ao cardápio servido nas escolas antes das intervenções e, aos demais cardápios, após o início das intervenções, através do uso da escala hedônica facial e verbal. Para as análises longitudinais, foram empregados modelos lineares generalizados, que levam em conta as medidas repetidas e os dados ausentes de desfecho dos participantes. Observou-se aumento significativo no índice de aceitabilidade nos grupos de preparações à base de carne bovina e doces entre os participantes da escola intervenção 1 (RR=1,36; p-valor=0,0008 e RR=3,99; p-valor=<,0001, respectivamente) e da escola intervenção 2 (RR=1,34; p-valor=0,0029 e RR=2,22; p-valor=<,0001, respectivamente), quando comparados aos da escola controle ao longo do tempo. O incremento na aceitabilidade das frutas foi maior entre os participantes da escola intervenção 2, quando comparados aos da escola intervenção 1 (RR=1,60; p-valor=0,0052). Redução da aceitabilidade de preparações à base de feijão foi observada entre escola intervenção 2 e as escolas intervenção 1 e controle (RR=0,60; p-valor=0,0003 e RR=0,57; p-valor=0,0013, respectivamente). Os resultados alcançados sugerem que intervenções multicomponentes baseadas em modificações ambientais de baixo custo e complexidade, e em modificações nos aspectos sensoriais das refeições oferecidas na alimentação escolar através da inserção de técnicas gastronômicas, podem ser efetivas para promover o aumento da adesão e aceitabilidade à alimentação escolar e, consequentemente, auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas à promoção da alimentação saudável.

The National School Feeding Program plays a key role in promoting healthy eating for millions of schoolchildren throughout Brazil. However, national surveys indicate low adherence and acceptability to school meals in the public school system. Interventions based on choices architecture and standardization of gastronomic techniques have been implemented aiming to improve this scenario and encourage the development of healthy eating habits. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention in adherence and acceptability to school meals. A randomized trial was conducted with students from 4th to 9th grade from 3 public schools of Sumidouro, a city located in Rio de Janeiro, in 2019. The participating schools were randomly allocated into three groups: one school in the control group (no intervention), another school in the intervention group 1 (environmental modifications and addition of a self-service system) and other one in the intervention group 2 (environmental modifications, addition of a self-service system and inclusion of new dishes in the menu). The school from the intervention group 1 received environmental interventions based on the principles of choices architecture, which consisted of: creation of posters and displays with motivational messages and images to promote healthy eating habits and encourage the consumption of school meals; implementation of tablecloth with colorful images of fresh food on the cafeteria tables; allocation of fruits in a prominent position, in a fruit stand; placement of a banner with the daily menu at the cafeteria's entrance; and application of footprints on the floor that, in a playful way, directed students to the cafeteria. Moreover, a self-service system was implemented through the addition of a thermal food distribution counter in the cafeteria. The school from intervention group 2 received the same interventions as the school from intervention group 1, plus the standardization of gastronomic techniques for changes in the dishes that were part of the menus in 2019, and also the creation of new ones, based on the perceptions about the reasons for non-adherence to school meals reported in focus groups carried out with lunch ladies and schoolchildren. Adherence to school meals (≥3 times a week) was assessed through a question inserted in a questionnaire applied at three different moments (baseline, 1st follow-up [after 5 months of intervention] and 2nd follow-up [after 8 months of intervention]). Longitudinal analyzes were performed through the application of generalized linear models that take into account repeated measures and missing participant outcome data. Piecewise analyzes were also performed, allowing the identification of parameters in interval 1 (baseline - 1st follow-up) and in interval 2 (1st follow-up - 2nd follow-up). An increase in adherence to school meals was observed in the intervention school 1 vs. control school (RR=1.20; p-value=0.0166) and greater increase in intervention school 2 vs. control school (RR=1.27; p-value=0.0041). It was also observed an increase in adherence in the intervention school 1 vs. control school in interval 1 and interval 2 (RR=1.18; p-value=0.0146 and RR=1.14; p-value=0.0424, respectively), and greater increase in adherence in intervention school 2 vs. control school in interval 1 (RR=1.22; p-value=0.0095) and in interval 2 (RR=1.20; p-value=0.0070). There was no statistically significant difference in the variation of adherence between intervention 2 and 1 schools. The acceptability of school meals was evaluated by applying an acceptability test referring to the menu served in schools before the interventions and, to the other menus, after the beginning of the interventions, through the use of facial and verbal hedonic scale. For the longitudinal analyses, generalized linear models were used, taking into account repeated measures and missing outcome data from the participants. There was a significant increase in the acceptability index in the groups of preparations based on meat and sweets among participants in the intervention school 1 (RR=1.36; p-value=0.0008 and RR=3.99; p- value=<.0001, respectively) and intervention school 2 (RR=1.34; p-value=0.0029 and RR=2.22; p-value=<.0001, respectively), when compared to the control school over time. The increase in fruit acceptability was greater among participants in the intervention school 2, when compared to those in the intervention school 1 (RR=1.60; p-value=0.0052). Reduction in the acceptability of bean-based preparations was observed between intervention 2 school and intervention 1 and control schools (RR=0.60; p-value=0.0003 and RR=0.57; p-value=0.0013, respectively). The results suggest that multicomponent interventions based on low cost and complexity environmental modifications, and also on changes in the sensory aspects of meals offered at school through the use of gastronomic techniques, can be effective in increasing adherence and acceptability to school meals, assisting in the creation of public policies aimed at promoting healthy eating.

Aceptabilidad del uso de dispositivos con interfaces de usuarios en la rehabilitación motora neurológica / Acceptability Of The Use Of Devices With User Interfaces In Neurological Motor Rehabilitation

Introducción: El avance de las nuevas tecnologías ha contribuido a elevar las opciones de interacción de las personas con los productos a partir del empleo de las interfaces de usuario. El uso de dispositivos con interfaces de usuario, diseñados como soportes orientados a la rehabilitación neurológica, puede potenciar y diversificar este proceso en contextos intra hospitalarios y extra hospitalarios. Objetivo: Identificar los criterios que determinan la aceptabilidad de estos dispositivos en la rehabilitación motora de pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas. Métodos: La muestra estuvo conformada por 31 pacientes del Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía tributarios de rehabilitación motora y un grupo control (N = 62) con sujetos sanos. Se construyó un cuestionario con 32 ítems que exploran los criterios de aceptabilidad de las interfaces de usuario. La versión final del cuestionario se obtuvo de la evaluación según criterio de expertos y el cálculo de la consistencia interna mediante el alfa de Cronbach. A los valores obtenidos durante la aplicación del cuestionario se les realizó un análisis factorial usando como método de rotación el varimax normalizado. El criterio para extracción de factores fue el método de autovalores de Scree. Resultados: La aceptabilidad del uso de dispositivos con interfaces de usuario está condicionada por tres categorías fundamentales: seguridad, expectativas y facilidad de asimilación. Conclusiones: La aceptabilidad de estos dispositivos depende de garantizar la seguridad en su uso, cumplir con las expectativas de una rehabilitación autónoma y hacer evidente y viable su facilidad de asimilación. Contar con estos criterios redunda en la obtención de requerimientos ergonómicos para el diseño de estos dispositivos(AU)

Introduction: The advance of new technologies has contributed to raising the interaction options of people with products from the use of user interfaces. The use of devices with user interfaces, designed as supports aimed at neurological rehabilitation, can enhance and diversify this process in intra-hospital and extra-hospital contexts. Objective: Identify the criteria that determine the acceptability of these devices in the motor rehabilitation of patients with neurological diseases. Methods: The sample consisted of 31 patients from the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery who needed motor rehabilitation and a control group (N = 62) with healthy individuals. A questionnaire with 32 items was created and it explored the acceptability criteria of user interfaces. The final version of the questionnaire was obtained from the evaluation according to expert criteria and the calculation of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. To the values obtained during the application of the questionnaire, there was performed a factor analysis using the normalized varimax as the rotation method. The criterion for factor extraction was the Scree eigenvalue method. Results: The acceptability of the use of devices with user interfaces is conditioned by three fundamental categories: security, expectations and ease of assimilation. Conclusions: The acceptability of these devices depends on guaranteeing safety in their use, meeting the expectations of an autonomous rehabilitation and making evident and viable their ease of assimilation. Having these criteria, results in obtaining ergonomic requirements for the design of these devices(AU)

Caracterización química, degradabilidad ruminal y aceptabilidad por bovinos, de un subproducto de la industria del papel / Chemical characterization, ruminal degradability and bovine acceptability of a byproduct of the paper industry

RESUMEN Las variaciones climáticas pueden limitar la disponibilidad y la calidad de los forrajes. Se estudió un subproducto del papel (SIP) como alternativa a los forrajes en la ración de los bovinos. Se analizaron 12 muestras de SIP, para determinar su composición nutricional y degradabilidad ruminal. La aceptabilidad (1,07kg MS) por los bovinos de los SIP solo o en mezcla, se evaluó en 12 novillas Holstein, asignadas a dos cuadrados latinos, cada uno con tres tratamientos y dos réplicas. En el primer cuadrado, los tratamientos fueron SIP solo (T1); SIP+glicerol (T2) y SIP+melaza (T3). En el segundo, los tratamientos fueron SIP+suplemento comercial (SC) (T4); SIP+SC+glicerol (T5) y SIP+SC+melaza (T6). Los SIP presentaron bajos contenidos de PC (1,5±0,14%) y altos niveles de FDN (56,9±6,17%) y cenizas (53,3±1,98%) y una DIVMO (47,7±5,8%) media. Las concentraciones de P (0,045±0,006%) y K (0,023±0,03%) fueron bajas, mientras que las de Ca (13,5±0,8%), Cu (63,9±11,5%) y Fe (1365±189ppm) fueron altas. La tasa de desaparición de la MS del SIP fue de 11,8%*h-1; la fracción soluble ( a ), 14% y la fracción potencialmente degradable y no soluble ( b ), 46,6%. La aceptabilidad del SIP fue mayor, cuando se ofreció en mezclas (T1 vs T2-T3; p<0,05) y con concentrado y melaza (T4-T5 vs T6; p<0,05). La variación en la calidad composicional del SIP fue menor para la mayoría de nutrientes y su calidad baja, debido a una digestibilidad media, una baja PC y altas cenizas. Además, su aceptabilidad fue pobre cuando se suministró sola, pero mejoró con el uso de palatabilizantes o SC.

ABSTRACT Climatic variations can limit the availability and quality forages. The use of byproducts of the paper industry (BPI) was studied as part of cattle rations. Twelve samples of BPI were analyzed to determine the nutritional composition and ruminal degradability. The acceptability (1.07kg DM) of the BPI was evaluated in 12 Holstein heifers, assigned to two Latin squares with two replicates and three treatments each. The first square, the treatments were BPI alone (T1), BPI +glycerol (T2) and BPI +molasses (T3). In the second square, treatments were BPI +commercial supplement (CS) (T4), BPI +CS +glycerol (T5) and BPI + CS + molasses (T6). The BPI presented low CP (1.5±0.14%), high levels of NDF (59.6±6.17%) and ash (53.3±1.98%) and médium IVODM (47.7±5.8%). Concentrations of P (0.045±0.06%) and K (0.023±0.03%) were low while Ca (13.5±0.8%), Cu (63.9±11.5ppm) and Fe (1365±189ppm) high. Rate of DM disappearance for BPI was 11.8%*h-1, soluble fraction ( a ) 14% and a potentially degradable fraction but not soluble ( b ) 46.6%. The acceptability of BPI was higher when fed in mix (T1 vs T2-T3; p<0.05) and with concentrate and molasses (T4-T5 vs T6; p<0.05). Variation in nutritional composition of BPI was low for most and its nutritional quality low due to a moderate digestibility, a low CP and high ash. In addition, its acceptability was low but improved when supplied with the use of palatability agents and CS.

Ética y jurisprudencia administrativa de los derechos de los sujetos de investigación en pandemia (COVID-19): función de los comités éticos científicos: Chile / Ethics and administrative jurisprudence of the rights of subjects of research in pandemic (COVID-19): role of the scientific ethics committees: Chile

RESUMEN: Todo gobierno debe reaccionar rápida y efectivamente ante cualquier pandemia, Chile no es la excepción y apoyado en el estado de Excepción Constitucional, ha tenido que implementar medidas que podrían involucrar poca información sobre las percepciones de las personas y las reacciones durante la implementación de las restricciones. Las instituciones internacionales de salud han determinado que es un deber moral realizar investigaciones que generen evidencia que promuevan y mejoren la atención de la salud y la mitigación de la pandemia, instando a reducir los "obstáculos" prácticos de la revisión ética. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron analizar desde las perspectivas de las consideraciones éticas y jurídicas, el rol que cumplen los Comités Éticos Científicos en el manejo y la protección de las personas durante la pandemia de la COVID-19. La metodología de trabajo se basó en la recolección de la información de Instituciones nacionales e internacionales de Salud y luego analizarla según la jurisprudencia administrativa del gobierno de Chile. Se concluye que los cambios de criterios que deben observar los CECs en el proceso de revisión de los protocolos de los proyectos de investigación científica, deben velar por proteger los derechos de los pacientes y sujetos de investigación en cuanto puede involucrar información sensible, más aún, si se consideran las graves consecuencias de su transgresión, dar un sentido distinto al que corresponda a las normas sobre derechos de pacientes, puede resultar en "falta de servicio" y eventual vulneración en los derechos del sujeto de investigación. La labor de los CEC, debe realizarse siempre desde una interpretación restrictiva, reconociendo la función pública que cumplen como parte integrante de la labor ética encomendada por el legislador al efecto.

SUMMARY: Every government must react quickly and effectively to any pandemic, Chile is no exception and supported by the state of Constitutional Exception, it has had to implement measures that could involve little information about people's perceptions and reactions during the implementation of the restrictions. International health institutions have determined that it is a moral duty to carry out research that generates evidence that promotes and improves health care and the mitigation of the pandemic, urging to reduce the practical "obstacles" to ethical review. The objective of this study was to analyze from the perspectives of ethical and legal considerations, the role that Scientific Ethics Committees play in the management and protection of people during the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodology used was based on collecting information from national and international Health Institutions and then analyzing it according to the administrative jurisprudence of the Chilean government. It is concluded that the changes in criteria that the CECs must observe in the process of reviewing the protocols of scientific research projects, must ensure the protection of the rights of patients and research subjects insofar as it may involve sensitive information, even more if the serious consequences of its transgression are considered. Giving a different meaning to the one that corresponds may result in "lack of service" and eventual violation of the rights of the research subject. The task of the CEC, must always be carried out from a restrictive interpretation, recognizing the public function that they fulfill as an integral part of the ethical work entrusted by the legislators to that effect.

Feasibility and Acceptability of MyWarung©: A Food Poisoning Prevention Smartphone-Apps During Dining Out

@#Introduction: Eating out has always been associated with increasing cases of food poisoning. These problems can be minimized through mobile applications and technology development. A mobile application called MyWarung© was developed to provide an alternative, improved tool for improving food poisoning knowledge and preventive behaviour. Methods: This cross-sectional study aims to assess the feasibility and acceptance of the MyWarung© application for consumers in Terengganu. The 50 consumers were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria using convenience non-probability sampling. The data were collected through a questionnaire that included three components: socio-demographic, feasible (6 components) and acceptable (7 components). The scoring above 80.0% indicates an acceptable, while lower than 80.0% show unacceptable for both feasibility and acceptability sections. SPSS 22.0 has analyzed the data. Results: The results showed excellent feasibility with a median score of 27.5 (IQR 6.0) out of 30.0, and acceptance with 32.0 (IQR 7.0) out of 35.0. Majority of the respondents agreed that the app is easy to use (94.0%), easy to understand (88.0%), attractive (84.0%), catchy (88.0%), provides more information (96.0%), efficient (96.0%), knowledge improvement (96.0%), beneficial (100.0%), useful application (88.0%), and recommend to the other people (84.0%). The overall result showed that most respondents agreed that MyWarung© application was feasible and acceptable with 90.0% and 86.0% feasibility and acceptability rate. Conclusion: The MyWarung© application among consumers can be highly feasible and acceptable in preventing food poisoning during dining out.

The acceptability of weekly iron-folic acid supplementation and its influencing factors among adolescent school girls in Yogyakarta city: a mixmethods study

@#Introduction: Indonesia has initiated the weekly iron-folic acid supplementation programme (WIFS) among adolescent school girls since 2016. However, its acceptability needs to be investigated. This study aimed to assess the acceptability of WIFS and its influencing factors. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted in six schools in Yogyakarta from January-April 2018. Totally, 211 participants aged 12-18 years were involved in the cross-sectional survey, followed by four focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews (IDIs). Body mass index-for-age, haemoglobin, serum ferritin, habitual intake, and acceptability (defined as selfreported iron folic acid tablet consumption) were assessed. Results: This study reported that 22.3% and 12.4% of the participants were categorised as iron deficient and anaemic, respectively. Almost 90% of participants had received the tablet, but only 62.0% of them reported consuming it. Logistic regression test indicated that the participants were more likely to take the tablet if it tasted good [OR (95%CI): 4.66 (1.90-11.43)]. Meanwhile, motivation for tablet consumption declined when respondents perceived the odour of tablet was unpleasant, reported forgetfulness, lacked peer support, and experienced side effects, with OR (95%CI) of 0.23 (0.07- 0.77), 0.35 (0.13-0.95), 0.30 (0.08-0.58), and 0.04 (0.04-0.39), respectively. The results from FGD and IDIs strengthened the findings that the experience of nausea, organoleptic properties of iron-folic acid tablet, forgetfulness, and mother’s support play important roles in students’ acceptability. Conclusion: This study found moderate acceptability towards the WIFS programme. The inhibiting and reinforcing factors of WIFS acceptability in this study could be considered as inputs for programme improvements in the future.

A Study of the Awareness and Acceptabilty of Labour Epidural Analgesia amongst Antenatal Clinic Attendees in One Tertiary Hospital

Background: The benefits of Pain relief to parturientsin labour cannot be over-emphasized. However, in low middle income countries accessibility, availability and affordability these services are not optimum. This has made it near impossible for women in labour to benefit from epidural analgesia.Aim: This study was aimed to assess the knowledge of availability and level of acceptance of labour analgesia amongst antenatal clinic attendees at the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital (RSUTH).Methods: The present observational study was conducted after informed consent was given by antenatal clinic attendees. Data was collected using a pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS Version 25.Results: Response from 200 women with mean ± SD age and gestational age of 31.49 ± 4.89 years and 34.25 ± 4.75 weeks respectively. The modal Parity was 1. 56; while 106/200 (53%) were aware of pain relief in labour, 94/200 (47%) had no knowledge of pain relief in labour. Twenty eight (28/106) constituting 26.42% had knowledge of the pharmacological methods while 78 (73.59%) had non-specific ideas about pain relief in labour. Twenty six (26/28) (92.86%) of the respondents will accept epidural analgesia in labour.Conclusion: Knowledge of availability and acceptance of labour analgesia was poor. Lack of information is a major contributor for non-acceptance of labour analgesia. The inclusion and dissemination of information about labour analgesia by anaesthetists and obstetricians during antenatal classes would increase the knowledge about its availability and wide acceptance to these parturients

Acceptability and feasibility of human papillomavirus vaccination for adolescents in school environments in Libreville

Background: High-risk oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the cause of sexually transmitted viral infection. Its persistence is a risk factor for precancerous lesions of the cervix, which will constitute the base of cervical cancer. In the world, the prevalence of high-risk oncogenic HPV is 66.7%, which is higher among women starting their sexual activity.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in high schools in Gabon regarding parents. The variables selected were the socio-cultural and demographic characteristics of the parents, their knowledge of human papillomavirus vaccination and their acceptability of HPV vaccination and finally the feasibility of HPV vaccination. The statistical test used was Pearson's Chi-square, and a difference was considered significant for p<0.05.Results: The majority of parents, 89%, were informed of the existence of cervical cancer. However, 73.4% of them were unaware of the existence of vaccination against cervical cancer. Only 2.4% of parents had vaccinated their daughters against cervical cancer at the time of the study. These parents only 53.4% expressed an interest in vaccinating their daughters in 53.4% of cases. The ability to vaccinate children is associated with the socio-professional status of parents (p˂0.000).Conclusions: The majority of parents approved school-based vaccination against human papillomavirus infections despite its reported cost and lack of information. The integration of anti-HPV vaccination into the expanded programme on immunization in Gabon will improve immunization coverage.

Elaboração de salsicha de peixe pargo Pagrus pagrus de tamanho reduzido proveniente da pesca de arrasto com baixo valor comercial / Development of fish sausage using low commercial value red porgy Pagrus pagrus

O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver salsicha utilizando o pargo Pagrus pagrus de baixo valor comercial capturado na modalidade de pesca de arrasto e classificado como na categoria mistura por ter tamanho reduzido para o mercado varejista e realizar análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas, toxicológicas e sensoriais. A salsicha foi elaborada na planta piloto da Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos utilizando 50% de surimi e 50% de filé. As análises físico-químicas, microbiológicas e toxicológicas foram realizadas com métodos oficiais. O teste de aceitação foi realizado com 87 provadores que avaliaram o produto utilizando escala hedônica de sete pontos e também arguidos quanto à intenção de compra do produto. O produto foi considerado aceito quando 70% dos provadores atribuíram nota 4. Os resultados da composição centesimal foram: umidade 71,22%, proteínas 15,34%, lipídios totais 5,55%, carboidratos 6,11%, cinzas 1,78% e o valor energético 135,75 kcal. As avaliações microbiológicas e toxicológicas mostraram que os produtos apresentaram qualidade satisfatória conforme a legislação. A salsicha foi aceita por 82,7% dos provadores e o aspecto global do produto atingiu média de 4,93 (±1,69). Em relação à intenção de compra foi atribuída a maior porcentagem para talvez sim/talvez não (32%), seguido de provavelmente compraria (24%), e 28,1% informaram que provavelmente ou deci

The aim of this work was to develop sausage using the low commercial value red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) caught in the “fish mix” category in the trawl fishery and to perform physicochemical, microbiological, toxicological and sensorial analysis. The sausage was prepared using 50% of surimi and 50% of fillet in Embrapa Food Agroindustry Pilot Plant. The physicochemical, microbiological, toxicological analyses were performed with official methods. The sensorial analyses were performed with 87 testers who evaluated the product using a hedonic scale of seven (7) points and were also accused of buying the product. The product was considered accepted when 70% of the tasters assigned a score ≥ 4. One sausage formulation was tested using 50% surimi. The results of the centesimal composition were: moisture 71.22%, proteins 15.34%, total lipids 5.55%, carbohydrates 6.11%, ash 1.78% and energy value 135.75 kcal. The parameters of microbiological and toxicological are within the current legislation for breaded products. The sausage was accepted obtaining 82.7% and the overall impression of the product reached a mean of 4.93 (± 1.69). Regarding intention to purchase for sausage, the highest percentage was attributed to maybe / perhaps not (32%), followed by likely to buy (24%), and 28.1% reported that they probably or decidedly would not buy. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the low commercial value fish of the “fish mix” category resulted in a viable product available for use in fish technology.